Essay on The Death Penalty - 1554 Words

Almost all nations in the world either have the death sentence or have had it at one time. It was used in most cases to punish those who broke the laws or standards that were expected of them. Since the death penalty wastes tax money, is inhumane, and is largely unnecessary it should be abolished in every state across the United States. The use of the death penalty puts the United States in the same category as countries like Iran and Saudi Arabia which are two of the world’s worst human rights violators (Friedman 34). Lauri Friedman quotes, â€Å"Executions simply inject more violence into an already hostile American society.† The cost of the Death Penalty is highly expensive. A case to put someone in jail costs on average two million†¦show more content†¦Lynn Pasquerella quotes, â€Å"Executing a murderer does not change what has been done nor does it compensate for the less suffered by the victim and the victim’s family.† The eighth amendme nt in the United States constitution prohibits the cruel and unusual punishment of a person therefore the death penalty should be prohibited in every state in the United States. Is it right to administer the death penalty if the crime is not proven justly and in full? There is always a possibility that the death penalty could be administered to someone who was innocent. Since the death penalty was reinstated a hundred and thirty nine death row inmates have been exonerated, according to the Death Penalty Information Center (Overall). In 2009 alone nine death row inmates were exonerated after courts overturned conviction because of lack of evidence. This ranks the second highest number of exonerations since the death penalty was reinstated in the United States (Overall). With this stated, do we know as citizens that every inmate on death row is guilty? Do we wish to persecute an innocent man or woman and have their family suffer daily from the loss of the family member? No, we as citizens do not know these things for certain and it would be better to administer life in prison than to murder an innocent man or woman. Sixty three percent on Gallup Poll sa y an innocent person has been executed in the lastShow MoreRelatedThe Death Penalty Is Justified1143 Words   |  5 PagesAllison Shu 2/25/16 Period 2 Objective paper on the death penalty Capital punishment is legally authorized killing as punishment for a crime. The death penalty questions the morality of killing a person as justification for their crime. It also brings to question whether the death penalty actually serves as a deterrent for crime, and that some of the people executed are found innocent afterwards. The debates over the constitutionality of the death penalty and whether capital punishment should be usedRead MoreThe Death Penalty For Juveniles946 Words   |  4 Pages The death penalty for minors differs greatly from the death penalty for adult. The law that minor could be put on death row was decided to rule against the eighth amendment. The eighth amendment prohibits the act of â€Å"cruel and unusual punishment† which putting minors on death row breaks. On March 4, 2005 the law that minors could not be put on death row for their actions was set into place. The new laws say, â€Å"They cannot punish a minor by death penalty and they cannot punish someone for a crimeRead MorePro Death Penalty Speech1482 Words   |  6 Pagesintroduce myself before we get started. My name is Slick Perry and if you didn’t already know, I am the state governor of Texas. You are all aware that we are reviewing our recidivism rate to various crimes and reviewing our stance regarding the death penalty as we approach 2009. Everyone here understands that capital punishment is a very controversial topic in the United States. In Texas, from December 1982 through August 2008, only 361 criminals of the millions of Texans in our good state were executedRead MoreShould The Death Penalty Be Mandatory?925 Words   |  4 Pagesopinions on the subject. When we were discussing the death penalty although my opinion didn’t change, after hearing what some of my classmates had to say about the subject during our lab I was able to respectfully see why they had those thoughts and feelings about the subject. I believe that we should have the death penalty, and that it helps prevents more crime from happening. However, during our lab students that thought we should ban the death penalty had some pretty interesting reasons behind theirRead MoreThe Truth About The Death Penalty973 Words   |  4 Pages In her article â€Å"The Truth About The Death Penalty†, Carina Kolodny argues that the death penalty should be abolished in all fifty states due to the fact that it is ineffective and very expensive. Kolodny believes that capital punishment has too many complications and variables that cause it be more of an issue than a real solution for capital offenses. She proposes that the death penalty should be dropped and exchanged for better programs such as Proposition 34, which replaces capital punishmentRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Legal1805 Words   |  8 Pagesthat we all know is the death penalty. This penalty has been going around for years. To many people it might be the best way of punishing a person. On the other hand there are people who think that if you kill a person you should be sentenced to die as well. For me I would say it might not be the best way and it not working as many would like it. When choosing if you are for the death penalty you have to okay with an insect person dyeing or even a family member being in death row. I know that is somethingRead MoreThe Death Penalty : An Effective Reliable Tool904 Words   |  4 Pagesthe death penalty has been a frequent topic of discussion, as our recent technological advancements have evidently led individuals to consider the â€Å"new found† legitimacy of our court systems, as statistics display that our previous racial bias and the apparent morality of the practice itself have a miniscule impact on our conviction rate. Both the advancements and ethics that the death penalty provides become apparent through the utilization of anecdotes and statistics, as the death penalty has prevailedRead MoreThe Bible and Death Penalty Essay example812 Words   |  4 Pagesa person’s view of the Bible influence what they think about the death penalty for murderers.† I would like to see if a person’s view of the bible influence what they think of the death penalty. This is interesting to me because I am interested in the field of criminal justice and the death penalty is a huge topic to this day. There are many journals that talk about studies that were done on religion and views of the death penalty which have to do with my topic of interest. My hypothesis is thatRead More The Death Penalty Is Archaic and Immoral Essays559 Words   |  3 Pages The death penalty is simply a modernized version of the Holy Bible’s â€Å"an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth, a hand for a hand, a foot for a foot†. Some argue that death is a necessary retribution for murderous cases - but is it effective morally? Revenge only glorifies violence, which is most definitely not the message the world strives to display. The death penalty is a negative form of punishment and insinuates a harsh reflection of society economically, politically, and socially. Read MoreEssay on Death Penalty - Herrera vs Collins1337 Words   |  6 PagesDeath Penalty - Herrera vs Collins The Supreme Court addressed the constitutionality of executing someone who claimed actual innocence in Herrera v. Collins (506 U.S. 390 (1993)). Although the Court left open the possibility that the Constitution bars the execution of someone who conclusively demonstrates that he or she is actually innocent, the Court noted that such cases would be very rare. The Court held that, in the absence of other constitutional violations, new evidence of innocence is no

Government Or Controlled Demolition Essay - 1219 Words

Government or Controlled Demolition The September 11 attacks were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamic terrorist group al-Qaeda in the United States on the morning of Tuesday, September 11, 2001. They attacked the Twin Towers in New York City. There are different conspiracy theories with the 9/11 attack but the most important conspiracy theory is that the collapse of the twin towers were the result of controlled demolition by the government rather than structural failure due to impact and fire. Now the question remains, was it controlled demolition or was it terrorist attacking the World Trade Center on purpose? This conspiracy theory revolves around authorities knowing about the attackers and also guiding them to complete their terror attack. None of the deaths would have happened without the deliberate unplugging of Americas air defense. The twin tower did not fall of plane impacts or fire. People claim that jet fuel doesn’t melt steel beams. It was a controlled explosion by the government. â€Å"Our mission is to expose the official lies in a way that inspires the people to overcome denial and understand the truth.† People want answers to what happened that morning, devastation all around. Conspiracy theorists believe that the government dismissed all the signs that were in their face because this attack was a controlled demolition. Dr. Griffin concluded that, it is already possible to know, beyond a reasonable doubt, one very important thing: theShow MoreRelatedTerrorist Attacks On The United States1453 Words   |  6 PagesAmericans started to believe in conspiracies proving the government was behind it all. To add, Americans also believed that the U.S. government knew in advance of the terrorist attacks on September 11th due to the time between the attacks and the Bush administration’s attempt to investigate, the National Security Association’s lack of investigation of suspicious phone calls, and the odd â€Å"collapse† of World Trade Center Seven. However, the government tried to counter attack with the points that Al QaedaRead MoreThe Bombing Of The United States1463 Words   |  6 PagesAmericans started to believe in conspiracies proving the government was behind it all. Americans believe that the U.S. government knew in advance of the terrorist attacks on September 11th due to the time between the attacks and the Bush administration’s attempt to investigate, the National Security Association’s lack of investigation of suspicious phone calls, and the odd â€Å"collapse† of World Trade Center building 7. However, the government tried to counter attack with the points that Al Qaeda wasRead MoreThe Patriot Act Through Congress Essay1601 Words   |  7 Pagescontinue reading this essay with an open mind as I shed light on the fact that United States government was actually behind the whole thing. Thinking about the government knowing about these attacks and doing nothing about it is sickening. Nobody wants to believe it, and that makes it all the ever more important. The first thing that may come to mind when trying to comprehend this idea is, why would the government want to do something like this anyway? One theory suggests that they needed to push theRead MoreThe Theory of Controlled Demolition that let to the Collape of the World Trade Center982 Words   |  4 PagesThe theory of controlled demolition that let to the collape of the World Trade Center, was widely believed and a potential possibility. Demolition experts reviewed the videos of the World Trade Center falling and they agreed about how a controlled demolition could have been the cause of the collapse. According to experts, the building fell as if many small explosives were planted on all sides and it exploded in a very specific order. This is very similar to a controlled demolition. When videos ofRead MoreSumm ary : Loose Change 1264 Words   |  6 PagesPentagon’s attack and WTC’s collapse. It implies that the September 11 attack was plotted by American government and the purpose of economic issue from the hegemony financial group and reglious issue of Islam. Before the 9/11 attacks, the world has no clear perception about the Middle East. However, after 9/11 the Middle East Islam has been tagged with terroist. The film argues that the American government has prior knowledge of terrorist attacks and has some relationship with radical changes in foreignRead More9/11 Conspiracy Theories Essay1164 Words   |  5 PagesCenters on September 11, 2001, but there are a select few that, similar to the truth, cannot be disproved without quite a bit of effort. One theory is that the Twin Towers were destroyed by controlled demolitions. Another idea of what happened is that planes did hit the towers, but they were remote controlled. A third theory is that Al Qaeda is not responsible for the 9-11 attacks (The Top September 11 Conspiracy Theories, n.d.). And last, but certainly not least, is the theory that the 9-11 attacksRead MoreThe Events That Took Place On September 111144 Words   |  5 Pagesplaced in the basement of the buildings, set to detonate at the exact time that the planes hit the towers. These bombs were set up by our own government. The government did this so that they could steal gold and oil while maintaining public hatred among the Middle East and terrorism. Several videos show that the buildings collapsed like a controlled demolition. The south tower collapsed in one hour of burning and the north collapsed in two hours of burning. It is fact that fire has never broughtRead MoreWhat Happened Was An Accident?1285 Words   |  6 Pages bringing the towers down in controlled implosions and killing over 3000 American citizens that day. This would explain why both of the buildings collapsed so quickly reaching free-fall speed, both neatly and symmetrically, collapsing completely into smithereens creating huge clouds of dust and ash, leaving no remains of their massive central vertical steel columns left standing. Due to the intelligence of some Americans, who thought hard about the U.S. government s explanation of the events ofRead MoreThe Events Of September 11th1646 Words   |  7 Pagescan create. The events of September 11th happened so fast that lots of details were overlooked but now, six years later one can finally take a breath and really look into what happened. The inevitable outcome is simply that George W. Bush and his government secretly put together the events of September 11th to rally the support of the U.S. citizens on many issues. This is such a strong accusation to make but a little common sense and evidence can quickly refute that our president is anything but aRead MoreQuestions On The World Trade Center Terror Attacks1538 Words   |  7 Pagesdetailed picture on the conspiracies behind 9/11 ranging from the catastrophe was a false flag operation in order to rationalise the war on terror commencing to the government knew it would happen and didn’t stop the terrorists from acting out their operations and to the towers coming down like a tonne of bricks was caused by controlled demolition. The contents of this documentary will be relevant for questions 2 and 3 as it would explain some strong key theories and elaborate on them and because of the

Language Nation and Development System †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Language Nation and Development System. Answer: Introduction: Aquiono government aimed at making Philippines a success story with exit of Marcos and entry of Cory, democracy was set into place. Dictator ruling Aquino went on to coup attempts which made to solve problems which Marcoses had caused(Gonzalez, 2007). There had been various contradictory views regarding Philippines that lagged to comfort masses as it was far from being realists. While countries around Philippines had been developing rapidly as Japan, Korea, Hong Kong, Singapore and so on. In Philippines there had been contrary beliefs, leading to cultures management making the country poor inspite of it being naturally rich. Culture along with its political system remains the major barrier for development in the country. However, currently the economy has stopped shrinking since the Marcos years. There are various rich Filipinos who have brought back tremendous amounts capital in the country. The prevailing culture however led to failure to develop a feeling of nationalism amongst it s population(Bankoff, 2016). Democracy has made its way back into Philippines in a major manner, along with incorporating in election processes. Rumors regarding impending coups have been cropping ever since that occupies political Manila scandals. Reference Lists Bankoff, G. (2016). Hazardousness of place: A new comparative approach to the Filipino past. Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints, 335-357. Gonzalez, A. (2007). Language, nation and development management in the Philippines. Language nation and development, 7-16.

The Authorship of Hebrews

Introduction Regardless of its profound harshness, the letter to the Hebrews has something peculiar about it. It is anonymous. The author and the addressees are mysterious since they have not been indicated in the book. Indeed, the ambiguity has cast doubts among some interpreters who cannot relate its anticipated purpose in a given framework.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Authorship of Hebrews specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Furthermore, its obscurity has made theologians conceptualize, as well as generalize the content to fit various contexts. Indeed, due to its anonymity, one might assert that the expression ‘without a father, without a mother, without genealogy’ best befits the book’s position. Over the ages, scholars have attempted to find out the human author of the book of Hebrews. Traditional theologians believe it is Paul while contemporary scholars contest this stance by linking the book to several other authors. This paper seeks to explain the authorship of the Hebrews even as the extrication of the mystery continues. Authorship of the Book of Hebrews Believers of the Alexandria school of thought such as Wright among other scholars averred that the human author is Paul.1 They supported their belief with several internal references from the epistle. However, in North Africa, Tertullian had a contrasting view, alluding that the letter must have been written by Barnabas. Modern scholars have further insisted that Paul was not the author. Others claim that the author could be Apollos, Priscilla, or Clement. Indeed, according to Wagner, no other section of the New Testament has attracted theological dispute as the Hebrews.2 Based on this general evidence, the subsequent section of the paper will analyze individuals who have been linked to the authorship of the book of Hebrews. Paul Paul was among the first individuals to be associated with the autho rship of Hebrews. Pantaenus of Alexandria chose Paul as the writer. The name was barely opposed until the period of reformation. Paul had the strongest support from Alexandria. Gradually, the name gained the followership of Jerome and Augustine, particularly during the fourth century. The Pauline authorship view was mainly backed by the basic argument that Paul had a good understanding of the Old Testament. Pauline greeting signature is present in the book. Furthermore, the recognition of Timothy in the book in chapter 13 verse 23 as a friend to Paul substantiated Pauline authorship. However, not only the supporters but also critics have found the above reasons inconclusive. It appears that the major intention of identifying Paul as the writer was to offer the book a canonical position.Advertising Looking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Most contemporary theologians, Catholics or Prote stants, object designating Paul as the author. Foremost, the grammar and vocabulary that are dominant in the book of Hebrews may be termed as the master rhetorician, namely the Greek style. The style contradicts Paul’s writing technique. Observers such as Cockerill assert that Paul often adjusted his torrent of thoughts, especially in the process of ending a letter.3 Paul’s technique contradicts the anonymous authorship, which utilizes Greek writing styles. Furthermore, although Paul was familiar with the Old Testament teachings as witnessed in the case of the writer of the letter, the manner in which the teachings are quoted in Hebrews is inconsistent with Paul’s style. Secondly, the nonexistence of Paul’s name is also a major point of criticism. Regarding the letters of Paul, he had the habit of introducing himself and his mission as a follower of Christ. Furthermore, he identified himself as the Gentiles’ messenger. For instance, he says,  "For this I am ordained a preacher and an apostle as I speak in truth†¦as teacher of the Gentiles in faith and verity† (NIV 1Tim 2:7) Further references in Romans 11: 13 and Galatians 2:8 confirm this style. Expositors such as Bateman claim that the style indicated how Paul remained ardent based on his key mission of speaking to the Gentiles.4 Thirdly, the writer seems to have a second-hand knowledge. The author asserts, â€Å"How shall we escape, if we neglect so great salvation, which began to be spoken by the Lord, and was confirmed unto us by them that heard him† (NIV Heb 2:3). Paul could not have spoken from a second-hand experience since he had the actual understanding. As per the author, he or she must have learned about Christ from others. Paul was emphatic as evident in his epistles. According to Nelson, he knew Christ through revelation but not men.5 The contradiction triggers doubt among scholars who seek to unravel the Hebrews mystery. Paul says,  "For I neither received if of man, neither was I taught it, but by the revelation of Jesus Christ† (NIV Gal 1:12). Some of the challenges facing the Pauline authorship have been explained over the years. First, Clement explained that the nonexistence of Paul’s signature in the letter followed his (Paul) need to conceal his identity from the Hebrews. The Hebrews disliked him and that they could have possibly opposed his teachings. As a result, Clement asserts that Paul drafted the epistle in Hebrews and that Luke later translated into Greek. Although Paul was a messenger to the Gentiles, his letter to the Hebrews was because of his superabundant love and grace of reaching all people via the word of God. Therefore, the lack of Paul’s signature should not deny the title of authoring the book. Moreover, ruling out Paul as the author because his name is absent in the book may simply mean that no other authors should be given credit for the book because it mentions no one.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Authorship of Hebrews specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Furthermore, the contradictory statement made by the author in Hebrews 2:3 would simply mean that Paul was affirming that he was not among the first twelve apostles of Christ. Certainly, he was in the company of the first disciples such as Simon Peter, Mathew, and John who listened to Christ’s teachings. However, this assertion does not conflict with his message to the Galatians. The first apostles were always viewed as the spiritual leaders of the Jewish religionists. They always led Paul whenever he visited Jerusalem as evident in Acts 21: 18-26. According to Cockerill, since Paul was writing to Jews who submitted to the first apostles, it would be right if Paul identified with the Jews and/or recognized the spiritual leadership of the first disciples.6 Despite the skepticism on Paul’s authors hip of Hebrews, no evidence has been established to prove or disprove his authorship. Supporters of Clement’s view use internal evidence such as the acknowledgment of Timothy in the epistle as a ground to corroborate their belief. Perversely, critics such as Guthrie proclaim that the language that is used in the document and the absence of evidence mentioning Paul create a loophole for examining the possibility of other authors as suggested by contemporary researchers.7 Priscilla and Aquila After identifying the haziness in crediting Paul’s authorship of Hebrews, modern intellectuals proceeded to recognize other authors such as Priscilla and Aquila. Guthrie claims that the letter was prepared by Priscilla assisted by her husband, Aquila. The name of Priscilla was absent chiefly because the early church did not encourage such top positions for women in the Church. Indeed, Priscilla and Aquila were qualified teachers of the gospel as attested in Acts 18:26. Using interna l evidence, they were in a position to recognize Timothy since they had interacted with him. Furthermore, they had led a Church in Rome, which would have been the destiny of the epistle. From an initial reading, Guthrie’s view seems tenable. However, a further scrutiny reveals the damaging drawbacks. First, the letter might have been sent having an unidentified author and recipient so that it can communicate the gospel in various regions, especially Syria and North Africa. The claim is explicable. However, it is inconceivable why the document would be circulated in Rome anonymously. Moreover, according to Hoppin, it is implausible to presume that the hypothesized author concealed her name because of the religious view of women during the early church.8 An author who has been inspired by the Holy Spirit to write to the Church would readily be accepted for the unanimously beneficial qualities. Moreover, one cannot discount that the book was a personal exposition and not a gener al document.Advertising Looking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Priscilla had resided and hosted believers in their house in Rome where she taught them the gospel. Paul even acknowledges her in his letter to the Romans. Priscilla must have had friends and disciples in Rome who supported and adored her. The premise that the feminine authorship would have been repelled by the recipients is flawed. Even if it would be supposed that the Roman Church discouraged women from occupying top positions in Church, it is obvious not the entire Church would have disregarded Priscilla and her teachings. Another detrimental error in the theory of Priscilla’s authorship can be drawn from the internal evidence. The original Greek grammar that is used in the book of Hebrews shows the author using a masculine language when identifying himself. According to Nelson, the masculine participle in Hebrews 11.32 conveys an obvious message.9 The author is a male. Grammatical errors are indefensible. Allowing such a pretext could open a platform for other researchers to substantiate their thoughts with flawed information. The scripture is flawless. If the feminine authorship were warranted, the language used in the verse would have helped in affirming the claim. Contritely, the masculine grammar closes the discourse on whether Priscilla was indeed the author. If the masculine participle referred to Aquila, then he, and not Priscilla, should have primacy. It follows that Priscilla’s authorship should not be tolerated.10 Barnabas When the ideology that Paul was the anonymous author of Hebrews received incessant objection, the early Church fathers gave an alternative option, that is, Barnabas. Barnabas wrote the epistle to believers in Jerusalem to address specific issues that the Church was facing. As a Levite, Barnabas was conversant with the Jewish traditions. He was a companion of Paul in spreading the gospel. These facts are consistent with the internal evidence. According to Bateman, it is also apparent from the book of Hebrews that t he author must have been a person of great prowess and mental adaptability.11 The author utilizes teachings from Peter, Stephen, James, and Paul. Barnabas qualifies perfectly with the character of mysterious Hebrews’ author. Acts 4 refers to him as a ‘Son of Encouragement.’12 He had a great impact on Jerusalem in companion with other apostles. Christians in Antioch treated him with remarkable reverence.13 The Jewish features of Hebrews suggest that the book was not written by Paul but rather a believer who had Jewish characteristics. Therefore, Barnabas would be best placed to understand the significance of practicing in the Jewish Church than any regular Jewish nonprofessional person. One would assert that his transition to Christianity would make him consider the Jewish traditions deceptive.14 However, this claim would be improbable since his conversion was a quiet development. Furthermore, the epistle regards the Jews as the original beneficiaries of the gospe l, a position that Barnabas and Paul also held. However, Paul who deemed himself a missionary to the Gentiles gradually detracted from the ideology. This finding declares Barnabas who was still in good connection with the Jews the most qualified candidate.15 Barnabas is viewed as the Jewish apostle. He was in a good position to preach to the Jewish Christians. Likewise, the character of Barnabas is consistent with the writer of Hebrews. Furthermore, both Barnabas and Paul played an important role in Timothy’s transition to Christianity. Consequently, just as the mentioning of Timothy in the letter was initially linked to Paul, it should be linked to Barnabas. The consistency of the suppositions easily leads one to credit Barnabas with the authorship of the book of Hebrews. Furthermore, scholars have claimed that the anonymous author either was a priest or had a priestly background. Out of the several names that have been suggested by various theologians, this inference princi pally coincides with Barnabas.16 Certainly, some of the qualities of the books’ authorship are in uniformity with Barnabas. Barnabas’ major task was to encourage believers. This role is inconsistent with the writer of Hebrews who provides a ‘word of exhortation’ as evident in Hebrews 13:22. Hence, most scholars seem to have ignored the aforementioned Tertullian opinion. There is inadequate literature supporting or criticizing Barnabas as the author of Hebrews. Apollos As indicated earlier, the increased interest concerning the authorship and destination of the book of Hebrews began in the Reformation Period. One of the prominent religionists at the time, namely Martin Luther, suggested Apollos as the writer of this book. This proposition attracted the attention of most researchers because of the wording of Acts 18: 24-26.17 The extract from Acts was about Apollos was consistent with most characteristics of the unidentified author. Apollos was a male Hellen istic Jew. Besides being expressive, he had a profound knowledge of Greek and the Old Testament. He was conversant with the Alexandrian writing style, which was utilized by the author of Hebrews. Moreover, besides knowing the synagogue practices, he had interacted with believers in house churches based in Rome. He had a second-hand reception of Christ’s teachings based on how he preached the gospel with zeal. Apollos would appear the most qualified candidate for the title of Hebrews’ human author. In fact, modern theologians concur with Luther. However, Apollos lacks any documented support from the early believers. Indeed, it is puzzling why great theologians such as Clement and Origen did not notice that an Alexandrian was the actual writer of this interesting letter. If Apollos had been the author, the Alexandrian church would have known and celebrated him. The absence of such recognition casts a lot of doubt in Luther’s opinion. Nonetheless, the possibility o f Clement being the author is quickly disregarded because of the profound knowledge that is present in the text. Recommendations on the Authorship of Hebrews Having considered the thoughts of several theologians, both traditional and modern, some apparent recommendations are evident. The external and internal facts suggest that the author should be a male Hellenistic trained Jew who is conversant with Greek writing techniques. He should also have an Alexandrian background and a deep understanding of the Old Testament teachings. Moreover, he should be knowledgeable about the Jewish culture and in particular, the sacrificial practices. He must also have heard the teachings of other preachers and teachers of the gospel. Additionally, he should be a companion of Timothy and one who is familiar with Christians residing in the peripheries of the Mediterranean Sea.18 Considering the above proposal and recalling the qualifications of Apollos, one would easily conclude that he is the author. A further supposition would be that Apollos drafted the letter and passed it to his companions and teachers, Priscilla and her husband, Aquila. Later, Priscilla and Aquilla must have circulated the message to the Churches in Rome and North Africa. According to Gareth, they opted to conceal the name of the author for the obvious reason that they were not the original writers.19 However, since this contention has no scholarly backing, it can simply act as a point for further research. Meanwhile, readers can opt to either let the human author of Hebrews be a mystery or assume it is Paul. There has been an exhaustive study on why or why not Paul is the author. Indeed, the closing phrase in Hebrews coincides with other thirteen Pauline epistles. Paul was an educated apostle who was conversant with the Jewish practices and Greek viewpoints. He had been held captive in Italy. During his visit to Rome, he was assisted by his closest companion Timothy to communicate to the Churches from the West to East. Furthermore, he had a good comprehension of Mosaic laws and other Old Testament scriptures. Notably, various theologians have explained criticisms that have been raised against Pauline authorship of Hebrews. Hence, although it might be inconclusive, Paul seems the most conceivable author of the book of Hebrews among the entire list of suspected authors. Conclusion Scholastic uncertainty on the author of the book of Hebrews has existed for centuries. The puzzle is expected to continue for years. Theologians have used the existing external and internal evidence to reveal the mysterious human author. Several names have been suggested over years, with Paul, Apollos, Barnabas, Priscilla, and Aquilla being the most common inferences. Over years, it appears that premises that Paul or Apollos could be the author of the Hebrews are more tenable in relation to the other proclamations. Although Apollos lacks support from the early Church, this paper proposes him as the author. M eanwhile, no evidence to prove or disprove Paul has been established. He can also be considered the author as future researchers focus on getting evidence to support Apollos. Bibliography Bateman, Herbert. Four Views on the Warning Passages in Hebrews. Grand Rapids: Kregel Academic and Professional, 2007. Cockerill, Gareth. The Epistle to the Hebrews (New International Commentary on the New Testament). Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2012. Guthrie, George. Hebrews: The NIV Application Commentary. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1998. Hoppin, Ruth. The Epistle to the Hebrews is Priscilla’s Letter. London: AC Black, 2004. Nelson, Thomas. The NKJV Study Bible: Full-Color Edition. Tennessee: Thomas Nelson, 2014. Wagner, Brian. â€Å"The Authorship of Hebrews from an Evangelical Perspective of Church History.† Journal of Dispensational Theology 14, no. 43 (April 2010): 45-53. Wright, Tom. Hebrews for Everyone. Louisville: Westminster/John Knox Press, 2004 . Footnotes 1 Tom Wright, Hebrews for Everyone (Louisville: Westminster/John Knox Press, 2004), 89. 2 Brian Wagner, â€Å"The Authorship of Hebrews from an Evangelical Perspective of Church History†, Journal of Dispensational Theology 14, no. 43 (April 2010): 48. 3 Gareth Cockerill, The Epistle to the Hebrews (New International Commentary on the New Testament) (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2012), 43. 4 Herbert Bateman, Four Views on the Warning Passages in Hebrews (Grand Rapids: Kregel Academic and Professional, 2007), 32. 5 Thomas Nelson, The NKJV Study Bible: Full-Color Edition (Tennessee: Thomas Nelson, 2014), 1901. 6 Cockerill, The Epistle to the Hebrews, 74. 7 George Guthrie, Hebrews: The NIV Application Commentary (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1998), 67. 8 Ruth Hoppin, The Epistle to the Hebrews is Priscilla’s Letter (London: AC Black, 2004), 147-170. 9 Nelson, The NKJV Study Bible, 1981. 10 Hoppin, The Epistle to the Hebrews, 153. 11 Bat eman, Four Views, 45. 12 Nelson, The NKJV Study Bible, 1201. 13 Wagner, â€Å"The Authorship of Hebrews,† 49. 14 Wright, Hebrews for Everyone, 109. 15 Wagner, â€Å"The Authorship of Hebrews,† 52. 16 Guthrie, Hebrews: The NIV, 102. 17 Nelson, The NKJV Study Bible, 1310. 18 Wagner, â€Å"The Authorship of Hebrews,† 93. 19 Cockerill, The Epistle to the Hebrews, 47. This research paper on The Authorship of Hebrews was written and submitted by user Jovani S. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

School Vouchers Essays - Education Economics, Alternative Education

School Vouchers Essays - Education Economics, Alternative Education School Vouchers Education School Vouchers There has been a lot of debate recently over the use of school vouchers. Voucher programs offer students attending both public and private schools tuition vouchers. It gives taxpayers the freedom to pick where their tax dollars go. In theory, good schools will thrive with money and bad schools will lose students and close its doors. Most people feel that taking taxpayer money from public schools and using this money as vouchers for private schools is a violation of the constitution. Most private schools in America right now are run by religious organizations. There has been a lot of controversy over this issue mainly because of the importance of an education in a modern society. School choice initiatives are based on the premise that allowing parents to choose what schools their children attend is not only the right thing to do, but is also an important way for improving education. Instead of a one-size-fits-all model, School choice programs offer parents various options from which to pick the educational settings they believe will work best for their child. However, there is Supporters of school vouchers claim that it levels the educational playing field for lower income families who would have the option to send their kids away from an ineffective poorly funded public schools. Some lower class families feel that their kids would have a better chance with a tuition voucher to go to a private school where more money is spent on education. Many feel that vouchers would undermine public schools, by taking away public money for smaller class sizes, teacher training and innovative curriculum. Also, many feel that vouchers would erode the support for public education. In Milwaukee, voucher schools say they do not give special services to students with disabilities. Most of the voucher schools refused to sign a letter that they will honor constitutional rights such as free speech and due process. The letter stated that the schools would not discriminate on the basis of sexual orientation, pregnancy, or marital status. Despite the controversy surrounding vouchers, the private school choice movement may be gaining support. In June of 1999, The Florida legislature approved a plan to give children in the state's worst schools taxpayer-funded tuition payments to attend qualified public, private, or religious schools. While state-accepted programs that provide public money for students to attend private and religious schools are already in place in Cleveland and Milwaukee, the Florida action is important because it is the first comprehensive voucher plan to be approved by a state. However, this year, a Florida judge struck down the Floridas legislature year old program that allows students to get away from troubled and poorly funded schools. The Judge stated tax dollars may not be used to send the children of this state to private schools, the Judge ruled. He based his decision on the 1998 amendment that Florida voters added to the state constitution declaring an efficient, safe, secure and high-quality system of free public schools to be a paramount duty of the state. Judges in a lower court have had mixed rulings on this issue. Some judges have upheld the voucher programs and some have struck them down. This issue is yet to be decided by the US Supreme Court and continues to cause debate until the Supreme Court settles it.

Understanding Cardinal Numbers in Latin

Understanding Cardinal Numbers in Latin Latin numbers are usually adjectives. When there are three forms, the Latin number has a masculine, feminine, and neuter form, in that order. The numbers follow the appropriate declension rules. Note that there is no singular form for most of the numbers and no plural form for the number 1. Numbers 1 - unus, una, unum 2 - duo, duae, duo 3 - tres, tres, tria 4 - quattuor 5 - quinque 6 - sex 7 - septem 8 - octo 9 - novem 10 - decem 11 - undecim 12 - duodecim 13 - tredecim 14 - quattuordecim 15 - quindecim 16 - sedecim 17 - septendecim 18 - duodeviginti 19 - undeviginti 20 - viginti 21 - viginti unus 30 - triginta 40 - quadraginta 50 - quinquaginta 60 - sexaginta 70 - septuaginta 80 - octoginta 90 - nonaginta 100 - centum 200 - ducenti, ducentae, ducenta 300 - trecenti, trecentae, trecenta 400 - quadrigenti, quadrigentae, quadrigenta(*) 500 - quingenti, quingentae, quingenta 600 - sescenti, sescentae, sescenta 700 - septingenti, septingentae, septingenta 800 - octingenti, octingentae, octingenta 900 - nongenti, nongentae, nongenta 1000 - mille 2000 - duo milia Counting Numbers Eng Latin French Italian Spanish 1 one unus un uno uno 2 two duo deux due dos 3 three tres trois tre tres 4 four quattuor quatre quattro cuatro 5 five quinque cinq cinque cinco 6 six sex six sei seis 7 seven septem sept sette siete 8 eight octo huit otto ocho 9 nine novem neuf nove nueve 10 ten decem dix dieci diez

STEEPLE Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

STEEPLE Analysis - Research Paper Example The UK supermarket sector has been controlled by â€Å"Big Four’’ grocery companies like Tesco, Asda, Morrisons and Sainsbury’s (Sanderson, 2007). These companies collectively control 75.4% of the market share as of the year 2012 (Butler, 2012). Tesco has occupied 30.5% in terms of grocery retail in the market, whereas Morrisons has 11.7% followed by Asda with 17.1% and Sainsbury’s with 16.1% (Butler, 2012). As UK supermarket sector is based on both grocery and retail outlets, the rate of sales for both the products base have made certain impacts on the growth of the market scenario. The rate of sales in retails had enlarged by 5.4% in September 2011 as compared to September 2010 (Office for National Statistics, 2011). Non-retailing counters and automotive fuels selling capacities have improved to 15.5 and 2.8 percent respectively from 2010 in the year 2011. The paper intends to discuss on STEEPLE Analysis of the UK supermarket sector and evaluate the fac tors in the market which would impact in the organizations operating in the market. Moreover, the discussion also focuses on the assessment of the HR practices of one of the leading companies in the UK retail market, Tesco. Description of STEEPLE Analysis STEEPLE analysis is an instrumental analysis through which changes in the environment can be determined in correlation to the operations in the business sector. The analysis is based on different factors such as social, technological, political, economic, ethical, legal and environmental which have an impact on the operations of business in the UK supermarket sector. Social Factors In relation to the social factors, it is observed that there is a change in the buying pattern of different materials by the customers which significantly relates to the dimensions of lifestyle changes, alteration in income distribution and changes in living conditions. With the influence of these factors customers in the UK are favouring one-stop shoppi ng of products (Randall & Seth, 2011). A crucial issue in context is that there is a noticeable certain change in terms of social wants with the change in time because increasing number of customers nowadays are desiring to keep themselves abreast with the latest fashion and style statements. Consequently, the retailers functioning in the UK supermarket are concentrating rapidly on products which provide them value for money. The option of finding a variety of products within one-roof in a supermarket has also been a major draw for the consumers which in turn facilitate them meet their needs and desires (Defra, 2006). Moreover, certain pertinent social factors such as birth rates, household income, gender and religion among others have affected the retail giants like Tesco, Sainsbury’s, Asda and Morrisons in the UK supermarket. In relation to augmented birth rates, it can be ascertained that retailers like Tesco have started to increasingly focus on keeping an assortment of c hildren toys related products to open up a new target market for the company. Moreover, in the global operations companies such as Tesco need to operate keeping in consideration the religious contexts while offering products and preparing their advertisements so that the sentiments of the people in a foreign country do not get hurt. It can in turn affect their sales and profitability. Similarly, social factors such as gender and household income have also been taken into consideration by the retail companies while preparing their product assortment as products in varied price range have been a key consideration to attract consumers’ of different income range. (Tesco Plc, 2012). Sainsbury’

Business Ethics and Organizational Culture Essay

Business Ethics and Organizational Culture - Essay Example Organizational culture has an impact on the way in which an organization executes is vision and mission and affects the manner in which it deals with customers, employees and other third parties. It also determines some other critical aspects such as the level of involvement of employees in decision making process, innovation, contribution to new ideas as well as expression of opinion. The organizational culture also determines the hierarchy and the commitment that employees have towards to the organization. Organizational culture is often said to be one element that is most challenging to change or alter and hence, the way in which it gets shaped is very important (Cummings et al, 2004). Therefore, the way in which leadership of the organization paves and molds the development of culture is of critical importance. Enron and Organizational culture The Enron scandal which happened in early 2000s is one of the major scandals of corporate history where it came to light that the organiza tional leadership took advantage of certain loopholes in accounting and hence, did not show their losses and debts in their financial statements. As it was an accounting scam carried out purposely, the leadership Enron received major criticism on account of improper ethics as well as flawed organizational culture. Jeff Skilling (President) and Ken Lay, the CEO had intense focus on making huge profit and this compromised the ethics. To make this huge amount of profit, the employee reward system was changed to such a manner that compensation was totally based on the level of profit that an employee can produce and there were no caps on salaries. This resulted in an extremely competitive environment where dishonesty would be overlooked and profits were the only thing that mattered. The belief that making more money permeated through the organization in such a manner that it became a norm. According to Cruver (2003), it was clear to the employees that the leadership expected 'profit at all costs' from them. In addition, the focus was on short term bottom line which made the employees and traders even more aggressive towards making more money. Therefore, a culture was established where employees were hired and fired based on the profits that they bought to the organization. Enron Leadership and its responsibility in the Scandal As per Schein (1985), leadership is one aspect that causes the creation, reinforcement as well as change in the culture of the organization especially from an ethical perspective. The responsibility of the entire scam and the subsequent crisis lies with the leadership because the way in which the key executive players of the organizations such as Ken Lay and Jeff Skilling reshaped the culture determined this particular outcome. They adopted several strategies to make changes to the culture so that it centers around profit and money. One of the first strategies adopted by them was to shuffle their staff around and hence, giving pink slips to the employees based on performance became an accepted practice. However, as the employees were rewarded with a huge compensation for their performance, they cultivated a set of employees who were high performers, but who chose to ignore tenets of basic ethics. Hence, the entire culture of the organization underwent a transformation within a short period of time. As

Research Proposal on Banking Essay Example for Free

Research Proposal on Banking Essay Introduction Over thirty-five years have passed since academics began speculating on the impact that information technology (IT) would have on organizational structure. The debate is still on-going, and both researchers and managers continue to explore the relationship between IT and organizational structure. As organizations need to process more information under these uncertain conditions, IT is one possible way for organizations to increase their information processing capability. We are conducting a research in HBL bank that, how bank increase the number of account holders using Internet banking among its Current Account holders. IT has a dramatic effect on both peoples personal and professional lives. IT is also changing the nature of organizations by providing opportunities to make fundamental changes in the way they do business. The technology is changing rapidly, with computing speeds and the numbers of transistor equivalents available in a given area of a microprocessor chip both doubling in very short time. Organizations are acquiring more and more technology systems to assist in everything from manufacturing to the management of information to the provision and improvement of customer service. Harnessing and coordinating this computing power is the challenge. New tools and innovative perspectives with which to examine, interpret, and comprehend these rapidly evolving environments are always needed and sought. Background / Literature View: IT is transforming the way that business is conducted. Computers prepare invoices, issue checks, keep track of the movement of stock, and store personnel and payroll records. Word processing and personal computers are changing the patterns of office work, and the spread of information technology is affecting the efficiency and competitiveness of business, the structure of the work force, and the overall growth of economic output. Many people believe that the primary driving force behind this information revolution is progress in microelectronic technology, particularly in the development of integrated circuits or chips. Thus, the reason that computing power that used to fill a room and cost $1 million now stands on a desk and costs $500 or that pocket calculators that used to cost $1000 now cost $10 is that society happens to have benefited from a series of spectacularly successful inventions in the field of electronics. But fewer people understand why the introduction of information technology occurred when it did or took the path that it did, why data processing came before word processing or why computers transformed the office environment before they transformed the factory environment. Because this technology oriented view of the causes of the information revolution offers little guidance to the direction that technological developments have taken thus far, it offers little insight into the direction that they will take in the future. Electronic banking is one of the first things that come to mind when one thinks about the future of banking. It is generally assumed that electronic banking is new and that it will replace or supplement many channels of delivery of retail banking services. The term electronic banking as used here refers to any banking activity accessed by electronic means. It includes Online Banking, Automated Teller Machines (ATMs), Automated Call Centers, Digital Cash, Internet Banking, Screen Telephones, E-Utility Bills and so on. These channels of delivery can be used for presenting and paying bills, buying and selling securities, transferring funds, and providing other financial products and services. Electronic banking can be used for retail banking and business-to-business (B2B) transactions, as well as for facilitating large-amount transfers. Equally important, electronic banking is a worldwide phenomenon. As the term is used here, it involves transactions. Web sites that are transactional are considered electronic banking. Electronic banking and the Internet in general are forcing a shift in the way banks and other businesses organize and the way they think of themselves. A shift is taking place from vertical integration to virtual integration. Banks and other financial intermediaries must realize that they are in the financial information industry. The Internet makes it possible to bring both customers and suppliers together to share critical business information. E-banking helps banks relay and show to their clients how good their services are, how many services we are providing and that the services they offer are of better standards. Through E-banking the company can show the clients that they are better than competitors and can give them satisfaction guaranteed. Statement of the problem The internet and the different things it can do to uplift business procedures, products and services is a current necessity for business. One of internets products is Electronic banking. Electronic banking is a faster way for clients to transact with the banks personnel. Clients can still transact with banks while on the comfort and safety of their homes and Offices. The main purpose of this proposed research is to determine, how we will increase Internet Banking Users among their present Account holders. Theoretical Framework: Increase Internet Banking Users Quality Products (websites) A Bank Manager observed that, if he provides the better Quality Products (Websites) and Low Bank Charges on Internet-Banking to his Account holders. This will increase the number of Customer of Internet Banking. But it will not affect on those Account holders with less qualification and do not use internet. Qualification of account holder and use of internet Low Bank Charges on Internet Banking Research Objectives: This Research intends to find out, If Bank updates its website and gives quality products, easy use and as well as reduce its transaction charges on Internet banking will increase the number of users using Internet Banking among its Account holders. However, according to the literature review, the qualification of account holder is plays an important part in this relationship. Our objective is if we increase quality products and reduce its transaction charges on Internet banking will increase the Internet Banking users. Research Question: * If we increase quality products and reduce its transaction charges on Internet banking will increase the Internet Banking users or not? * Qualification of customer and use of internet is effect on internet banking users or not? Research Design/Methodology: Type of research This research will use the descriptive type of research. Descriptive method of research is to gather information about the present existing condition and solving the problem. The descriptive approach is quick and more practical financially. Moreover, this method will allow for a flexible approach, thus, when important new issues and questions arise during the duration of the study, a further investigation may be allowed. The study opted to use this kind of research considering the goal of the study to obtain first hand data so as to formulate rational and sound conclusions and recommendations for the study. Research Strategy For this research data will be gathered through collating published studies from different books, articles from different related journals and studies, and other literary instruments. Afterwards make a content analysis of the collected documentary and verbal material. The study will then summarize all the necessary information. The study will then make a conclusion based on the said information and provide insightful recommendations on how to solve the said problem. Sample and Sampling Technique The respondents of the research came from the different branches of bank mentioned from Karachi. Due to time constraint and also, for the convenience of the researcher, only hundred (100) respondents were considered for the study. The convenience sampling technique was imposed in the study to pick up the hundred respondents, mainly because the availability of the respondents from the different branches was considered. This part of the study is important because the most important data needed to fulfill the objectives and aims of this study will only be supplied by the respondents from the Branches of HBL bank Karachi. Primary and secondary data collection The primary source of data will come from a survey using questionnaire and interviews that will be conducted by the researcher. The primary data frequently gives the detailed definitions of terms and statistical units used in the survey. These are usually broken down into finer classifications. The secondary source of data will come from research through the internet; books, journals, related studies and other sources of information. Acquiring secondary data are more convenient to use because they are already condensed and organized. Moreover, analysis and interpretation are done more easily. Validation of the instrument For validation purposes, the researcher pre-tested a sample of the set survey questionnaires. This was done by conducting an initial survey to at least five respondents from the different banks from Karachi. After the respondents answered, the researchers then asked them to cite the parts of the questionnaire that needs improvement. The researcher even asked for suggestions and corrections from the respondents to ensure that the survey-questionnaire is effective. Automatically, these five respondents were not included as respondents for the study. Data analysis Data gathered will be analyzed through frequency distributions. These will give way to reviewing the data categories and the number of referrals in each category. The data acquired will be analyzed according to the different categories and importance. The information that will be gathered and analyzed will be important to achieve the objectives desired by the study.

Consumer Behavior Essay -- Psychology, Freud

This essay is based on an analysis of research observations which took place at a Supermarket in Bradford. The aim of the exercise was to observe the behaviour of consumers while shopping in order to theorise and draw conclusions from our observations about consumer buying behaviour when shopping. As a means of interpreting and analysing the data we used the psychoanalytical perspective of Freud, pester power and independent and interdependent self concept. These concepts particularly lend themselves to the interpretation of the data. This essay begins by defining these key concepts before offering an analysis data the research data. Freudian personality theory is otherwise known as the psychoanalytic theory and it is often used by marketers to influence the purchasing decisions of customers in an unconscious way (Bettany, 2011 and Solomon, 2011). The theory is composed of three categories namely the id, the superego and the ego. The id according to Freud is part of our unconscious being as it functions with regards to the pleasure principle; the pleasure is applicable to the id as it seeks immediate gratification of needs (Bettany, 2011 and Solomon, 2011). Hoch and Loewestein (1991:498) claim that the id is the â€Å"primary process of thinking† that is impulsive, stingy and illogical whose aim is to seek pleasure only, avoid pain and not at all worried about the consequences of its actions (Solomon, 2011). Similarly, Hoch and Loewestein (1991:498) note that the ego is â€Å"secondary process thinking† that uses the reality principle and acts as a mediator between the id and the superego. Next is t he ego which is aware of the consequences of an action and when it is unable to manage the action a conflict between the id and the superego r... ...mption. In conclusion, we found that at times of recession supermarket need to place emphasis on satisfying consumer needs otherwise they could change suppliers. Therefore it is important to better understand consumer’s lifestyles, and choice criteria. This would include the selection of suitable media and designing suitable consumer messages. One area of further research could be to what extent consumers remain loyal to specific brands in time of economic recession. We believe that shopping could be more of a pleasure for children if playing facilities were provided. This might encourage parents to spend longer shopping and by implication buy more. One weakness of the observation in our view was the fact that we depended solely on the observation it would have been more useful to double-check our analysis with the consumers being observed.

Classroom Management

school and classroom management Researchers have pointed out the importance of assisting students in positive behaviors. In planning classroom management, teachers should consider using an assertive communication style and behavior. In addition, they should always know what they want their students to do and involve them in the respective learning activities, under the general conditions of clearly and explicitly stated school wide and classroom rules. An effective conduct management plan should also refer to teacher control and administration of consequences. The following components of such a plan are focused on in this summary: acknowledging responsible behaviors, correcting irresponsible and inappropriate behavior, ignoring, proximity control, gentle verbal reprimands, delaying, preferential seating, time owed, time-out, notification of parents/guardians, written behavioral contract, setting limits outside the classroom, and reinforcement systems. All of these components are presented so they can be identified in examples of best teaching practices. Covenant management stresses the classroom group as a social system. Covenant management focuses on the classroom group as a social system that has its own features that teachers have to take into account when managing interpersonal relationships in the classroom† (Froyen & Iverson, 1999). Teachers and students’ role and expectations shape the classroom into an environment conducive to learning. In other words, the culture of any given school is unique to that school. However, it is directly influenced by the culture of the larger community whose educational goals are to be met. A strong connection between school and community must be constantly revised and modified according to the requirements of societal dynamism. As schools become very diverse, teachers and students should become aware of how to use diversity to strengthen the classroom social group. Reference Brophy, Jere E. 1983. â€Å"Classroom Organization and Management. † The Elementary School Journal 83 (4):265 – 285. Brophy, Jere E. 1998. Motivating Students to Learn. Boston: McGraw Hill. Brophy, Jere E. , and Evertson, Carolyn M. 1976. Learning from Teaching: A Developmental Perspective. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Bossert, Steven T. 1979. Tasks and Social Relationships in Classrooms. Cambridge, Eng. : Cambridge University Press. Doyle, Walter. 1986. â€Å"Classroom Organization and Management. † In Handbook of Research on Teaching, 3rd edition, ed. Merlin Wittrock. New York: Macmillan. Doyle, Walter. 1990. â€Å"Classroom Management Techniques. † In Student Discipline Strategies, Ed. Oliver C. Moles. Albany: State University of New York Press. Doyle, Walter, and Carter, Kathy. 1984. â€Å"Academic Tasks in Classrooms. † Curriculum Inquiry 14 (2):129 – 149. Duke, Daniel, ed. 1979. Classroom Management. Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Emmer, Edmund T. ; Evertson, Carolyn M. ; and Anderson, Linda M. 1980. â€Å"Effective Classroom Management at the Beginning of the School Year. † The Elementary School Journal 80 (5):219 – 231. Evertson, Carolyn M. 1985. â€Å"Training Teachers in Classroom Management: An Experiment in Secondary Classrooms. † Journal of Educational Research 79:51 – 58. Evertson, Carolyn M. 1989. â€Å"Improving Elementary Classroom Management: A School-Based Training Program for Beginning the Year. † Journal of Educational Research 83:82 – 90. Classroom Management Classroom management is a term used by teachers to describe the process of ensuring that classroom lessons run smoothly despite disruptive behavior by students. The term also implies the prevention of disruptive behavior. It is possibly the most difficult aspect of teaching for many teachers; indeed experiencing problems in this area causes some to leave teaching altogether. In 1981 the US National Educational Association reported that 36% of teachers said they would probably not go into teaching if they had to decide again.A major reason was â€Å"negative student attitudes and discipline†. Solving Discipline Problems Charles H Wolfgang and Carl D Glickman 1986 (Allyn and Bacon) According to Moskowitz & Hayman (1976), once a teacher loses control of their classroom, it becomes increasingly more difficult for them to regain that control. Moskowitz, G. , & Hayman, J. L. , Jr. (1976). Success strategies of inner-city teachers: A year-long study. Journal of Educational Research, 69, 283-289.Also, research from Berliner (1988) and Brophy & Good (1986) shows that the time that teacher has to take to correct misbehavior caused by poor classroom management skills results in a lower rate of academic engagement in the classroom. Berliner, D. C. (1988). Effective classroom management and instruction: A knowledge base for consultation. In J. L. Graden, J. E. Zins, & M. J. Curtis (Eds. ), Alternative educational delivery systems: Enhancing instructional options for all students (pp. 309-325).Washington, DC: National Association of School Psychologists. Brophy, J. E. , & Good, T. L. (1986). Teacher behavior and student achievement. In M. C. Wittrock (Ed. ), Handbook of research on teaching (3rd ed. , pp. 328-375). New York: Macmillan. From the student’s perspective, effective classroom management involves clear communication of behavioral and academic expectations as well as a cooperative learning environment. Allen, J. D. (1986). Classroom management: student s' perspectives, goals, and strategies.American Educational Research Journal, 23, 437-459. Classroom management is closely linked to issues of motivation, discipline and respect. Methodologies remain a matter of passionate debate amongst teachers; approaches vary depending on the beliefs a teacher holds regarding educational psychology. A large part of traditional classroom management involves behavior modification, although many teachers see using behavioral approaches alone as overly simplistic. Many teachers establish rules and procedures at the beginning of the school year.According to Gootman (2008), rules give students concrete direction to ensure that our expectation becomes a reality. Gootman, Marilyn E. The caring teacher's guide to discipline : helping students learn self-control, responsibility, and respect, K-6. 2008, p. 36 They also try to be consistent in enforcing these rules and procedures. Many would also argue for positive consequences when rules are followed, and negative consequences when rules are broken. There are newer perspectives on classroom management that attempt to be holistic.One example is affirmation teaching, which attempts to guide students toward success by helping them see how their effort pays off in the classroom. It relies upon creating an environment where students are successful as a result of their own efforts. Pintrich, P. R. , & De Groot E. V. (1990). Motivational and self-regulated learning components of classroom academic performance. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82, 33-40. By creating this type of environment, students are much more likely to want to do well. This transforms a classroom into a community of well-behaved and self-directed learners.

Bell Hook’s “Keeping Close to Home: Class and Education” Essay

In â€Å"Keeping Close to Home: Class and education†, a chapter excerpted from Talking back (1989) by Bell Hook’s, suggests that moving on with life by attending college influences individuals to hide or change the values they were raised with. She argues that people should never forget there family background or their past just because they change environments. From her perceptions of some of the students at Stanford, she also states that even the â€Å"lower class† people have beliefs and values too and that it has nothing to do with what social class a person is classified as. Hooks aims her beliefs towards the lower working class people. Because hooks feels strongly about her belief, she argues that a university should help students maintain the connection with their values, so that people of different communities will feel neither inferior nor superior to others but equal. Hooks demonstrates her knowledge of values by relating her experience at Stanford where she met many privileged whites who had values that contradicted her own. For example, many of the white students appeared to lack respect for their parents. However, hook’s parents always taught her to show them respect. Hooks even says in her essay, â€Å"I was profoundly shocked and disturbed when peers would talk about their parents without respect, or would even say that they hated their parents† (Hooks, page 51). Also, everyone looked down upon the working-class when that was the class from which she came. Hooks states, â€Å"I talked to no one about the sources of my shame, how it hurt me to witness the contempt shown the brown-skinned, Filipina maids who cleaned our rooms† (Hooks, page 50). Hooks felt hurt because her dad was a janitor. That was why it was so hard for her to look down on the working-class. Because Stanford even accepted her into their institution, hooks felt as though she needed to act privileged. When she refused, the university and its students considered her rebellious; however, if she had not refused, she would have been ignoring and forgetting the values that she had learned from her parents. The way Hooks pulls in her readers is by inspiring the audience and appealing to its emotions and values, hooks relates an example of the hard times in her relationship with her parents before she went to Stanford. In the example, she describes how her parents were reluctant to allow her to go  because they felt that a closer college also had a good education to offer. Hooks also expresses how she became upset with her parents and how her mama felt as though bell hooks lacked appreciation for her. Hook’s mama says to her, â€Å"Your childhood could not have been that bad. You were fed and clothed. You did not have to do without – that’s more than a lot of folks have and I just can’t stand the way y’all go on† (Hooks, page 48). Later, when bell hooks attends Stanford and notices how students constantly feel anger and resentment towards their parents, she remembers that her parents raised her to show them respect. â€Å"While I often needed more money, I never needed a new set of beliefs and values† (Hooks, page 51). Then, she realizes how important it was to maintain the connection with her values instead of replacing them with others’ values. Hooks definitely expresses her professional views throughout the essay. Her views are obviously professional because she is a college graduate and has a good education background. However, when she relies heavily on her views based on her experience at Stanford, she presents her views as being convincing by showing her understanding of pressure and values from that experience. Her experience establishes common ground with the audience and proves that she is familiar about the pressures at a university. Hooks develops common ground with those in the audience who might be or have been in a university. Because people generally trust those who appear to know their topic very well, she effectively appeals to her audience. Bell Hook’s proves to her readers the true importance of family values and their background throughout her writing. â€Å"Communication between black folks from various experiences of material privilege was much easier when we were all in segregated communities sharing common experiences in relation to social institutions. Without this grounding, we must work to maintain ties, connection† (hooks, page 58). As hooks hints, maintaining ties may not be easy, but it is definitely possible. Hooks establishes common ground with people who have these questions, and she gives the answer in her experience of hard work. Having worked hard on handling harsh criticism and pressure without losing ties with her background, bell hooks remained strong and represented her family values that she was raised with, through her actions.

A Countrys Tourniquet

A Countrys Tourniquet Free Online Research Papers Many countries have previously invested or are still investing in a Communist government and economy. Communism is defined as â€Å"A theoretical economic system characterized by the collective ownership of property and by the organization of labor for the common advantage of all members.† If a country decides to go on the path of Communism, it is a dark and dank road that can lead to turmoil, famine, and poverty. Human nature causes those in control to become power hungry, which is destructive to the country’s society. It is easy to fall into the trap of thinking that your country will be different, but that is often only the first mistake on a downward spiral of poor decisions made by the leaders of the country as well as those inhabiting it. Many often ask the question, â€Å"Well why didn’t the people just overthrow the government?†, but what they don’t realize is that when an entire country has been oppressed in that manner, it’s nearly impossible to recover without help from a good leader in your governmental system or outside forces. Capitalism, on the other hand, is much more liberal, although it is far from perfect as well. It is defined as â€Å"An economic system based on a free market, open competition, profit motive and private ownership of the means of production†. First, Communism squashes any form of religious freedom, whereas Capitalism allows any religion to be practiced freely. The state is not separate from the church; therefore, most Communist countries have a majority of Buddhist or Atheist people. This can lead to the downfall of any country, being that it rids them of any moral ethics or sense of right and wrong and it completely and utterly depletes any fairness the country may still pertain as well as dismantles the justice system. This lack of standard and belief is never helpful to anything or anyone, particularly an entire country. Second, although Communism is supposedly meant to ‘better the economy’, it actually weakens it. If everyone and every business make the same profit, they have no motivation or competition whatsoever. Due to the ways of human nature, this leads to low quality goods, laziness, and poor work ethics. People see that there is no reason to produce quality work, and so they do not. Capitalism encourages people to do well and compete against other businesses to be the top seller of their products. Also, Communism can be very depressing to the people of the country. It is often presented as â€Å"Socialism† or a â€Å"Republic of the People†, but it is really a cruel and harsh dictatorship. Rulers believe in using violence and invoking their military forces in order to squash revolts or simply to discipline even minor offences against the government. There is no freedom of speech, press or right to assemble. It takes away any free thinking and all anti-government thoughts must be kept to oneself or they may even lose their life for it. For instance, in 1989 students gathered in Tiananmen Square to protest and the government sent in tanks to crush their spirits-and many of their bodies. An estimated 3,000 were killed. So even though Communism may look good in theory, when presented as a perfect and equal society, all aspects of it have led to the destruction of countries that have experienced it, or at least the unhappiness of the people, such as in China’s case. The country’s economy will plummet, all religion will be destroyed, and the people will become depressed. Research Papers on A Country's TourniquetAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeQuebec and CanadaThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NicePETSTEL analysis of IndiaDefinition of Export QuotasAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 219 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraCapital PunishmentComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito

Write IEP Goals for Healthy Student Work Habits

Write IEP Goals for Healthy Student Work Habits When a student in your class is the subject of an Individual Education Plan (IEP), you will be called upon to join a team that will write goals for him or her. These goals are important, as the students performance will be measured against them for the remainder of the IEP period and their success can determine the kinds of supports the school will provide.   SMART Goals For educators, its important to remember that IEP goals should be SMART. That is, they should be Specific, Measurable, use Action words, be Realistic and theyre Time-limited. Here are some ways to think about goals for children with poor work habits. You know this child.  She or he has trouble completing written work, seems to drift away during oral lessons, and may get up to socialize while children are working independently. Where do you start setting the goals that will support her or him and make them a better student? Executive Functioning Goals If a student has a disability such as ADD or ADHD, concentration and staying on task wont come easily. Children with these issues often have difficulty sustaining good work habits. Deficits such as this are known as executive functioning delays. Executive functioning includes basic organizational skill and responsibility. The purpose of goals in executive functioning is to help the student keep track of homework and  assignment due dates, remember to  turn in assignments and homework, remember to bring home (or return) books and materials. These  organizational skills lead to tools to manage his daily life.   When developing IEPs for students who need help with their work habits, it is important to remember to key in on a few specific areas. Changing one behavior at a time is much easier than focusing on too many, which will be overwhelming for the student. Sample Behavioral Goals Focus attention with minimal supervision or intervention.Refrain from distracting others.Listen when directions and instructions are given.Identify what is needed each work period and each day for homework.Be prepared for assignments.Take the time to do things right the first time.  Think things out on your own before asking.Try things independently without giving up.Work independently as much as possible.Apply successful strategies when involved in problem-solving.Be able to re-state problems, instructions, and directions to help with understanding the task at hand.Take responsibility for all work being done.Participate fully in group situations or when called upon.Be responsible for self and belongings.Remain positive when working with others.Cooperate in both large and small group settings.Be considerate of the opinions of others.Seek positive solutions for any conflicts that may arise.Always follow the routines and rules. Use these prompts to craft SMART goals. That is, they should be achievable and measurable and have a time component. For example, for the child who struggles with paying attention, this goal incorporates specific behaviors, is actionable, measurable, time-bound, and realistic:   The student will attend (sit still with eyes on the teacher, keeping their hands to themselves, using a quiet voice) to a task during large and small group instruction for a ten-minute period, with no more than one teacher prompt in four out of five trials, to be measured by the teacher. When you think about it, many of the work habits lead to good skills for life habits. Work on one or two at a time, obtaining success before moving to another habit.

E-commerce market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

E-commerce market - Essay Example In the past, critical success factors were typically related to business infra-structure. One significant issue was that of internet speed-with the majority of Internet users connecting to the Internet via dial-up modem, file transfer speeds were extremely low. This presented a problem when attempting to transmit large files such as multi-media files. With steady financial investment from both the government and private business enterprises, the rapid advance of technology in this area has led to the increasingly-widespread use of high-speed Internet connections such as cable modems, ISDN and XDSL, which increase file transfer speeds substantially. With communication speed being a limiting factor for the growth of electronic commerce, these developments in information and communication technology have initiated a marked reduction in infra-structural problems for electronic commerce. More recently, however, new success factors such as security and copyrights have increased in importan ce. Another significant issue for many Internet businesses is related to expenses. Traditional corporations are able to strengthen business strategies, enhance their image, provide efficient customer service, and create new Internet sales methods. However, popular Web sites have proven to require more resources than was once thought. According to recent research, Web sites which sell products collectively spend approximately 240 Won per year, while sites which sell content spend approximately 1 billion Won per year. Internet sites such as shopping malls, where actual transactions take place, spend around 3.35 billion Won every year. Companies which plan to move into electronic commerce must plan and invest efficiently in the initial stages of development in order to create profit within a reasonable period of time. There are several success factors which should be considered. E-businesses must provide good value for their customers, not only in terms of the products they sell, but also through ease of Web site navigation. They must differentiate themselves from other electronic commerce corporations to create a unique identity, and at the same time take care that they maintain the important characteristics of e-business. It is also particularly important to manage resources carefully and control initial expenses through the gradual introduction of new technologies, while allocating enough resources to brand management to win and maintain the trust of their customers. Research on business models has shown that these success factors are critical. Companies that survive the rapidly-changing electronic commerce environment have unique business fields and business models. The results of research on approximately 30 business corporations are presented here. Above all, successful electronic commerce corporations value for their customers. Through fluctuating markets, these companies continue to be competitive and profit from e-commerce. Many of these companies also successfully compete in off-line markets as well as on-line markets. They manage their brands effectively to maintain consumer trust, and use differentiated services and unique profit models to succeed in what is become a very competitive market-place. Finally, they have organized themselves in such a way that with flexible attitudes and infra-structure they can cope with a changing business environment and introduce new technologies at the most appropriate times. The results of this exploratory research indicate

Personal statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 49

Personal Statement Example I am suitable for the course given I have studied other health related courses, which has equipped me with various skills pertaining to medicine. I can make informed decisions when conduction radiography. I have proper communication and interpersonal skills that can create an atmosphere conducive for diagnosing patients. My previous courses: health promotion and public health, relate to the course. They are concerned with human medicine. Public health enables me to understand the major environmental causes of diseases, how they can be prevented and the necessary steps to undertake in case of an infection or infliction. Since I have always wanted to help suffering and diseased people, I believe Diagnostic Radiography would allow me establish the problems of patients as a crucial step toward helping them. My final year dissertation was based on breast cancer screening and I have worked for a care home center where I have conducted health promotion such as ‘stop smoking’ campaigns. I gained experience while working at the community center and adopted qualities such as examining patients, bonding with them and maintaining positive communication. I had researched on reasons for low uptake of breast screening among other cultures on the U.K. In the research, I shadowed radiographer at breast cancer clinic, where I discovered diagnostic radiography. My hobbies, interests and social activities include socializing, researching, studying and traveling. They contribute to my personality as a person who is always in pursuit of knowledge, which has equipped me with the knowledge I possess at the moment. Acute knowledge is required for my course of interest and through study and research, I will be able meet the demands of the course and adequately care for the patients. I have studied in English and I have participated in activities and researched in English. I would prefer to study

C Programming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

C Programming - Essay Example C truly is much more of a â€Å"programming environment† than just a language. Using this environment, a single developer can quickly create a simple application; a team of developers can create a sophisticated, distributed application. The main reason why C is so popular and powerful is the same reason behind the success of Windows. Microsoft took a complex technology (writing computer programs) and made it easier to use through a graphical interface. Suppose you have to write a program for your company. In a visual programming environment, you can quickly design the windows that the user sees by drawing and arranging them just as you would lay out elements for a newspaper. Arithmetic operators These are the simple operators used in daily mathematics. These include the addition ‘+’ operator, subtraction ‘-’ operator, multiplication ‘*’ operator, division ‘/’ operator and the modulus ‘%’ operator.

A Dolls House: Appearance vs Reality

A Dolls House: Appearance vs Reality Choosing to live your life independently or dependently is a life changing moment: it comes without warning, and can turn your whole life upside down. Either way, nothing will ever be the same. The book, A Dolls House, by Henrik Ibsen, is about characters who are all dealing with the transition of becoming either dependent or independent. They may seem happy to other people and to the readers at first, but their appearances are really a lie. Appearance and reality are often misunderstood; just because someone may seem happy, this does not mean they lead a rich and more compelling life in comparison to someone else. Mrs. Lindes journey from independence to marriage is a foil to Noras life. At the beginning of the play Nora may seem dependant but she is actually just as independent as Mrs. Linde claims to be. In order for Nora to pay the loan that she owed Krogstad, Nora saved money that Torvald gave her for dresses, and she also found a little job. Nora says, [she] was lucky enough to get a lot of copying [done and] to do so, (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) [she] locked [her]self up and sat writing every evening until quite late at night. Many a time [she] was desperately tired, but all was the same it was a tremendous pleasure to sit there working and earning money. It was like being a man (Ibsen 13). When Nora says she felt like a man it meant she felt like she was taking on responsibilities, and having a sense of purpose in life. In other words to feel like a man in the eighteen-hundreds it must have meant you were more independent. In Noras mind she must have thought she was just as self-ruling as Mrs. Linde. Although Mrs. Linde may work, she dislikes it, and it has also aged her terribly. Mrs. Linde says she needs someone to depend on because she is quite alone in the world-[her] life is so dreadfully empty and [she] feel[s] so forsaken. There is not the least pleasure in working for ones self. Niles, give me someone and something to work for (53). Mrs. Linde may seem to be a strong willed women, but in reality she needs someone to provide for her and depend on. At the end of the play Nora chooses a life of independence by leaving Torvald while Mrs. Linde reunites with her long love Mr. Krogstad, and chooses a life of dependence. Although Mrs. Linde and Nora may have lived their lives in an opposite direction; Mrs. Linde and Nora Helmer both started a life of marriage without true love for their husbands. Mrs Linde married her ex-husband because her father passed away and she had to raise her younger brothers. She married him primarily for financial stability because her mother was alive then [but] was bedridden and helpless, and [she] had to provide for my two younger brothers; so [she] did not think [she] was justified in refusing his offer (9). The fact that Mrs. Linde refers to her ex-husbands proposal as an offer means she saw it as a business transaction. In other words this is a symbiotic relationship. Mrs. Linde needed financial stability and her ex-husband needed a wife. On the other hand Nora married Mr. Helmer even though she didnt love him. It seems as though she was influenced by her fathers opinions: when I was at home with Papa he told me his opinion about everything, and so I had the same opinions; and if I differed from him I concealed the fact, because he would not have liked it. And when I came to live with you I simply transferred from Papas hands to yours. You arranged everything according to your own taste, and so I got the same taste as you-or else I pretended to (66). Noras father had brainwashed Nora to such a point that she took on the same beliefs as him with out even noticing it. Nora then married Torvald and became even more oblivious to fact that she was being controlled. It is quite stumbling how life has forced both Nora Helmer and Mrs. Linde to start a life of marriage without true love for their husbands. As the play progresses we see how Nora is actually more independent then we expected her to be. We also find out that although Mrs. Linde works for herself, she needs a purpose in life, which to her means having a family. Although we only discover that Nora never loved Mr. Helmer at the end of a Dolls House, throughout the whole play there have been small amounts rebellious behavior from Nora towards Mr Helmer. Although Mr. Helmer had forbidden Nora from eating macaroons, she still does it anyways: What, macaroons? I thought they were forbidden here. Yes, but theses are some Christine gave me. (17). Throughout the play Nora has shown signs of independence even though the readers were to believe she was not. Also Nora was forbidden to take out a loan by Torvald and by the law. Nora had taken out the loan despite the laws and Torvalds wishes. Appearances can be deceiving; just because a person may appear to be content, and carefree with their life, it does not necessarily mean they actually life a life of glamour. In the book A Dolls House Mrs Linde is the force of truth in Noras life. Although Mrs. Linde may not be the person to ask for marital advice she has lived a life similar to Noras just backwards. At the beginning of A Dolls House readers believe Nora is just a silly, selfish and spoiled character, but later readers find out that she is actually a strong willed and intelligent woman. Just like Mrs. Linde Nora proves she is able to work for herself, and that she understands business transactions without a males approval. On the other hand Mrs. Linde feels she needs a husband and children to have a purpose in life. In other words Mrs. Linde has chosen a life of dependence with Mr. Krogstand while Nora prefers to live her life independently and liberal minded. Clearly Mrs. Lindes and Noras appearances at the beginnin g of the play do not reflect their reality. Sadly as in the play this may be a reality for many people today. Does your appearance to others also reflect your reality? Work Cited Ibsen, Henrik, A Dolls House. New York: Dover, 1992. Print

Significance of Repetition in Our Town Essay -- Our Town Essays

Significance of Repetition in Our Town  Ã‚      Wilder was born in Madison, Wisconsin in 1897 to Amos Parker Wilder and Isabella Wilder.   In 1906, Amos Wilder was appointed American Consul General, and his family moved with him to Hong Kong.   Thornton Wilder only lived in Hong Kong for 6 months, moved back to the United States with his mother, and then in 1911 rejoined his father in Shanghai for a year.   Wilder attended Oberlin College for two years, moved with his family to New Haven, Connecticut, and entered Yale University.   He wrote his first full-length play in 1920, which appeared in the Yale Literary Magazine.   After receiving his B.A. at Yale, he traveled and taught French.   In 1926, he received his M.A. in French Literature from Princeton.   Thornton Wilder effectively illustrates the importance of life’s repetition in Our Town through the cycle of life, George and Emily’s love, and the playing of â€Å"Blessed Be the Tie that Binds.†    Wilder’s show of the cycle of life in Our Town exemplifies the significance of life’s repetition.   In Act I, the beginning of life’s cycle is shown when Dr. Gibbs returns home from delivering twins.   In the act of   â€Å"Love and Marriage,† which follows three years later, the Stage Manager describes children growing up and learning to talk, and people who used to be athletic are finding that they cannot do what they used to do.   He goes on by saying that most young people found that they were ready to get married, and start their families.   So was true with George Gibbs and Emily Webb.   They moved on from being children and were now learning how to be adults.   In Act III, which is placed nine years afte... ...ral sing the song to show the gap between the dead and the living.   â€Å"Blessed Be the Tie that Binds† facilitates the understanding of the play and life.    Thornton Wilder effectively demonstrates the importance of life’s repetition in Our Town through the cycle of life, George and Emily’s love, and the playing of â€Å"Blessed Be the Tie that Binds.†Ã‚   The cycle of life is shown repeating from birth to life to death and back to birth again.   George and Emily’s love is repetitious and unending, even after the death of Emily, which demonstrates the importance of life.   As â€Å"Blessed Be the Tie that Binds† is recurrently heard throughout the play, it serves as a bridge through a void of time or place, which is important in understanding the play.   It is no wonder that Wilder achieved a Pulitzer Prize for his in-depth work of life.     

Mnemonics

Mnemonics are Necessary: A Review of Memory and Learning Aids Torrey Price American Military University 26 June 2009 Mnemonics are Necessary: A Review of Memory and Learning Aids We learn many different things during childhood and even before then. Our brain has the capacity for learning to the degree we do not know which means that our learning capabilities are endless and we can only limit ourselves with the amounts of information there is to know in a lifetime. However, how do we get to the point that we can learn so much? What means or ways are there that we can learn to expand the capacity of our minds? What good would it be to know all of this information if we cannot access it at any point that we want? One way to improve the way you learn and remember is a system called mnemonics. It is an aid or in some cases, are strategies that can increase recalling 10-fold (Patten, 1990). We may already use this system and not be aware. Can you recall learning the words to your favorite song as a teen? Maybe you interpreted what the artist was saying and you might have put in your own words, then someone comes along and tells you the real lyrics. You may learn the new lyrics but that song may be forever associated with the lyrics you came up with. Or when learning the colors of the spectrum, you may have been taught to remember them by giving them the mnemonic Roy G. Biv: Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet (Coon, 2006). Mnemonic techniques are ways to remember what you need to know by a way of association, giving them meaning or even visualizing making it as vivid or ridiculous as possible. Mnemonic techniques are also ways to avoid rote learning, the more common, habitual and fixed way of learning by simple repetition (Coon, 2006). The word mnemonic is derived from the Ancient Greek word mnemonikos and is related to Mnemosyne, the name of the goddess of memory in Greek mythology. Both of these words refer back to mnema or remembrance. Now you may not remember her name or what set mythology she is from but allow me to put it this way. Mnemosyne had a love affair with the highest of the gods in Greek mythology. The affair lasted nine days and nine nights and as a result of that affair Mnemosyne gave birth to nine children- the nine muses (Svantesson, 2004). A myth is said to be knowledge in disguise because a story is more easily remembered than raw facts. Mnemonics in ancient times can be considered the basis of what is today known as the art of Memory. Try to imagine a time before the widespread use of paper and pens, where the only means for a society to pass on lessons and teaching were by memory. The Romans and Greeks were a society like this and mnemonics were one of the most important subjects taught in school (Patten, 1990). Mnemonics are not a neat trick to show off to your friends at a party but a skill that is designed to enhance the way you remember a subject. Paying attention is of the up most importance when practicing your techniques and that attention cannot be divided (Turkington, 2003). It is important to know that even though it may seem like you are paying attention, the brain does take an amount of resource to adhere to your surroundings, for instance, you are in an auditorium listening to President talk about carrots and suddenly somebody behind you rips one or somebody is talking on the phone. Although paying attention is only a part of it, actually knowing the techniques will help you to learning the information you need. There are many techniques you can use to learn a myriad of things such as numbers, speeches and even languages. Association was one of the ways mentioned before, and by associate certain words with others we create cues to help us remember those words (Patten, 1990). The use of Acronyms to remember a phrase or group of words is very easy and very common, for example, the acronym NATO stands for North Atlantic Treaty Organization or to remember the Great Lakes we use the Acronym HOMES (Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, and Superior). Acrostics are a way of using first letter cueing to remember a certain phrase, whereby we take the first word of each bit of information we want to learn and turn it into the first word of a sentence (Turkington, 2003). For example, to remember the six New England states in descending order (Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut) we could make the sentence: Martha Never Had Many Red Cars. Popular sayings can also help you to remember such as righty tighty, lefty loosey can help you to remember which way the common screw or nut and bolt turns and spring forward, fall back can remind you how to set our clock during daylight savings time. Visualization is also a great way to memorize information; it helps a lot with language learning. A good imagination will greatly enhance the chance of you being able to remember. An example of this can be â€Å"carte† which is the Spanish word for letter. If you can imagine a shopping cart full of mail, that can cue you to that words meaning. In conclusion, Mnemonics has shown to be a very useful tool when it comes to learning what it is we need to be learned. The more we practice these techniques the better we become at learning. Mnemonic techniques are based on association and should be exaggerated in size, number, and color, absurd, moving, sexual, sensual, ridiculous, unusual and unexpected. We tend to remember things that are out of the ordinary or that are utterly ridiculous. These tools are a great learning multiplier and should be taught in every classroom. I believe this system will replace the current phonics system that is widely used today, which is a way of getting back to basics, seeing as though this system has been in place for centuries. So the next time you have the opportunity to teach a child to say their alphabets, tie their shoes or even learn another language, remember this system and you can’t go wrong. References Coon, D. (2006). Psychology: A Modular Approach to Mind and Behavior, Tenth Edition. Belmont, CA: Thomson Higher Education. Patten, B. (1990). The History of Memory Arts. Neurology, 40, 346-352 Svantesson, I. (2004). Learning Maps and Memory Skills, Revised Second Edition. London: Kogan Page Limited. Turkington, C. (2003). Memory: A Self-teaching Guide. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.